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<p>Raw link: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oiu3LFK_rX8">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oiu3LFK_rX8</a></p>
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<p>In this presentation I talk about the workflow of mixing different font
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families inside of the same buffer. The idea is to use this for
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<code>org-mode</code> so that you can have some text use a monospaced font to keep
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its alignment properties in tact, while the rest of the buffer switched
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to a proportionately-spaced font that is more natural to read for large
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portions of text.</p>
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<p>The information shared here is complementary to what I talked about
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yesterday on the topic of <a href="https://protesilaos.com/codelog/2020-07-16-emacs-focused-editing/">“Focused editing” tools for
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Emacs</a></p>
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<p>Note that mixed font settings for <code>org-mode</code>, <code>markdown-mode</code>, and
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others will depend on the theme that you use. My <a href="https://gitlab.com/protesilaos/modus-themes">Modus
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themes</a> are designed to
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cope well with such demands.</p>
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<p>Check <a href="https://protesilaos.com/emacs/dotemacs">my dotemacs</a> for more code and
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relevant documentation.</p>
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<h2>Text of the presentation</h2>
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<p>The following is a standard Org buffer.</p>
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<pre><code class="language-org">#+TITLE: Emacs: mixed font faces for Org mode
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#+AUTHOR: Protesilaos Stavrou · https://protesilaos.com
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** Basic concepts
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The idea here is to show you how to configure your fonts so that you can
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optimise for mixed-typeface scenaria. You can use these for focused
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writing (see my previous video) or to do presentations such as this one!
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You can already tell that paragraph text is allowed to use a typeface
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that is proportionately-spaced. This is because it reads from the
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=default= face (more on that later). Whereas inline code is configured to
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always use the more specialised =fixed-pitch= face that applies a
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monospaced font. /Notice the difference?/
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This principle applies to all spacing-sensitive constructs, such as
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tables and special lines. Otherwise you would be seeing misalignments.
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#+NAME: Sample of contrast ratios
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| Colour name | | #fff1f0 | #ecf7ed |
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|---------------+---------+---------+---------|
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| red | #a60000 | 7.28 | 7.28 |
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| red-alt | #972500 | 7.40 | 7.40 |
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| red-alt-other | #a0132f | 7.26 | 7.26 |
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#+TBLFM: $3='(clr $2 @1$3);%0.2f::$4='(clr $2 @1$4);%0.2f
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** Configuring “face” attributes for fonts
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There are multiple ways to set your font in Emacs. I find that doing so
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at the “face” level is effective and yields consistent results.
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I will show you how to do it, but we must briefly cover the basics
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before we deal with the actual code.
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In Emacs parlance a “face” is a display construct that contains data
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such as an associated foreground and background colour, as well as all
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typographic properties (height, weight, font family, slant, etc.).
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Couched in those terms, an Emacs theme is, in essence, a program that
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controls such faces. You can already spot several faces on display here
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(the current theme is my Modus Vivendi---in some of my other videos I
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use its light counterpart: Modus Operandi).
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*** The three faces we need to take care of
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To make things work, we will be using the =set-face-attribute= function.
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And we need to configure three faces:
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1. =default= :: This one is the standard font family that all other faces
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refer to when they have no font specification of their own. In
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general, faces *should not* have a typeface spec, unless they need to.
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2. =fixed-pitch= :: This should be given a monospaced typeface and is
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meant to be inherited by faces that must always be presented with
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fixed-spacing.
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3. =variable-pitch= :: Whereas this should be a proportionately-spaced
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font. Again, it is meant to be inhereted by faces that are supposed
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to be presented with such a typeface (though you do not need to
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specify those faces, as =M-x variable-pitch-mode= does it
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automatically).
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For me a monospaced font should be the standard, so in practice I
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configure =default= and =fixed-pitch= to use the same typeface.
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*** Using ~set-face-attribute~
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Let us do this together.
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp
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(set-face-attribute 'default nil :font "Hack-16")
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(set-face-attribute 'fixed-pitch nil :font "Hack-16")
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(set-face-attribute 'variable-pitch nil :font "FiraGO-18")
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(dolist (face '(default fixed-pitch))
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(set-face-attribute `,face nil :font "Hack-16"))
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#+end_src
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When you are on your own, you can start by consulting Emacs /itself/ on
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how to use this function. Do it with =C-h f set-face-attribute=. Or
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place the point over that symbol (the unique name of the function), type
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=C-h f= and then =M-n= to select it.
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Make a habit of using these help functions (and checking the source code
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they provide via a link): I would argue this is the difference between
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understanding Emacs and merely using it.
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** Themes will affect your results
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Note that your theme must have configured everything properly for this
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to work. More specifically, you must make sure that all indentation or
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spacing-sensitive faces are designed to always inherit from =fixed-pitch=.
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Petition your theme's developer to account for this workflow of mixing
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fonts.
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Or use my Modus themes which are designed to meet the highest
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accessibility standard for colour contrast. Basically this is about
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readability, while the technical spec is called “WCAG AAA”: it
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corresponds to a *minimum contrast ratio* between background and
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foreground values of 7:1.
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The themes are /highly customisable/ and have wide package coverage.
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See https://gitlab.com/protesilaos/modus-themes for details.
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*** Notes for theme devs and DIY users
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These are the faces for =org-mode= that your theme needs to configure with
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the =:inherit fixed-pitch= attribute. Special thanks to Gitlab user “Ben”
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for bringing these to my attention a while ago!
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+ org-block
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+ org-block-begin-line
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+ org-block-end-line
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+ org-code
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+ org-document-info-keyword
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+ org-meta-line
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+ org-table
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+ org-verbatim
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Optionally also consider these for =markdown-mode=:
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+ markdown-code-face
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+ markdown-html-attr-name-face
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+ markdown-html-attr-value-face
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+ markdown-html-entity-face
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+ markdown-html-tag-delimiter-face
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+ markdown-html-tag-name-face
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+ markdown-inline-code-face
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+ markdown-language-info-face
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+ markdown-language-keyword-face
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+ markdown-pre-face
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+ markdown-table-face
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</code></pre>
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