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<p>Creating a Docker image isn’t particularly difficult, but I never do
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it often enough to remember the incantations required. Yesterday I
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needed a Docker image for running CI jobs on <a href="https://circleci.com/">Circle CI</a>.
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There are some great pre-built images out there, but I couldn’t find
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the combination of Java 17, Leiningen, and Node that I was looking
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for. This is a quick guide to how to build your own image with the
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tools <em>you</em> need.</p>
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<h2 id="great-artists-steal">Great Artists Steal</h2>
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<p>First off we want to find a suitable base image to start with. Docker
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images are built in layers, so we can start with a solid foundation
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pre-written by an expert and simply layer on the additional bits we
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need. Circle CI has a great set of <a href="https://circleci.com/docs/2.0/circleci-images/">pre-built Docker
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images</a> that take care of the heavy lifting.</p>
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<p>Here we’ll use their <code>cimg/openjdk:17.0.1-node</code> image. This is a
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variant of their <code>cimg/openjdk:17.0.1</code> image which already includes
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Node. Two pieces already done for us!</p>
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<p>Create a new <code>Dockerfile</code> and add the following:</p>
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<pre><code>FROM cimg/openjdk:17.0.1-node
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MAINTAINER Your Name <you@your.domain>
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</code></pre><p>To layer on Leiningen, I cribbed the relevant incantations from <a href="https://hub.docker.com/_/clojure">the
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official Clojure Docker images</a>. From that
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page you can click on any of the <code>Dockerfile</code> links to see how they’re
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defined and borrow what you need.</p>
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<p>In my case, I simply grabbed these lines and appended them to my
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<code>Dockerfile</code>:</p>
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<pre><code>### INSTALL LEIN ###
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ENV LEIN_VERSION=2.9.8
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ENV LEIN_INSTALL=/usr/local/bin/
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WORKDIR /tmp
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# Download the whole repo as an archive
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RUN set -eux; \
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sudo apt-get update && \
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sudo apt-get install -y gnupg wget && \
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sudo rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* && \
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mkdir -p $LEIN_INSTALL && \
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wget -q https://raw.githubusercontent.com/technomancy/leiningen/$LEIN_VERSION/bin/lein-pkg && \
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echo "Comparing lein-pkg checksum ..." && \
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sha256sum lein-pkg && \
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echo "9952cba539cc6454c3b7385ebce57577087bf2b9001c3ab5c55d668d0aeff6e9 *lein-pkg" | sha256sum -c - && \
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sudo mv lein-pkg $LEIN_INSTALL/lein && \
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sudo chmod 0755 $LEIN_INSTALL/lein && \
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export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)" && \
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export FILENAME_EXT=jar && \
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if printf '%s\n%s\n' "2.9.7" "$LEIN_VERSION" | sort -cV; then \
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gpg --batch --keyserver hkps://keys.openpgp.org --recv-keys 6A2D483DB59437EBB97D09B1040193357D0606ED; \
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else \
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gpg --batch --keyserver hkps://keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 20242BACBBE95ADA22D0AFD7808A33D379C806C3; \
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FILENAME_EXT=zip; \
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fi && \
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wget -q https://github.com/technomancy/leiningen/releases/download/$LEIN_VERSION/leiningen-$LEIN_VERSION-standalone.$FILENAME_EXT && \
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wget -q https://github.com/technomancy/leiningen/releases/download/$LEIN_VERSION/leiningen-$LEIN_VERSION-standalone.$FILENAME_EXT.asc && \
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echo "Verifying file PGP signature..." && \
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gpg --batch --verify leiningen-$LEIN_VERSION-standalone.$FILENAME_EXT.asc leiningen-$LEIN_VERSION-standalone.$FILENAME_EXT && \
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gpgconf --kill all && \
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rm -rf "$GNUPGHOME" leiningen-$LEIN_VERSION-standalone.$FILENAME_EXT.asc && \
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sudo mkdir -p /usr/share/java && \
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sudo mv leiningen-$LEIN_VERSION-standalone.$FILENAME_EXT /usr/share/java/leiningen-$LEIN_VERSION-standalone.jar && \
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sudo apt-get purge -y --auto-remove gnupg wget
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ENV PATH=$PATH:$LEIN_INSTALL
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ENV LEIN_ROOT 1
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</code></pre><p>I’m very glad I didn’t have to write all of that myself because I
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would have been tempted to cut corners on the validation of the
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Leiningen package contents and that wouldn’t have been good.</p>
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<h2 id="building-the-image">Building the Image</h2>
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<p>Now we have everything we need to build the image. Open a shell to
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the location where you put the <code>Dockerfile</code> and run the following
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command (making appropriate name substitutions for your Docker
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organization and desired image name):</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sh">docker build --tag collbox/clojure-ci .
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</code></pre></div><p>Docker will pull the base image, layer on your changes, and create a
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new local image.</p>
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<p>If you’re ready to share that image with your coworkers or build
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server, push it to Docker Hub with:</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sh">docker push collbox/clojure-ci
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</code></pre></div><p>By default the image will be private. If you haven’t added any
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private information, you can make the image public and make it easy to
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access without adding authentication. Do this by logging into <a href="https://hub.docker.com/">Docker
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Hub</a>, clicking the image, “Settings”, and “Make public”.</p>
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<h2 id="next-steps">Next Steps</h2>
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<p>Now you’re ready to use your new Docker image from a project by simply
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using the name we tagged the image with above (<code>collbox/clojure-ci</code>,
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in this example).</p>
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<p>Finally, why not version control your <code>Dockerfile</code> and add a
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<code>Makefile</code> for next time you forget this process and need to update
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the image?</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sh">image<span style="color: #f92672;">=</span>collbox/clojure-ci
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build:
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docker build --tag <span style="color: #66d9ef;">$(</span>image<span style="color: #66d9ef;">)</span> .
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push:
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docker push <span style="color: #66d9ef;">$(</span>image<span style="color: #66d9ef;">)</span>
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.PHONY: build push
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</code></pre></div><p>Now you can rebuild the image with a simple <code>make build</code> or re-push it
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with <code>make push</code>.</p>
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<p>That’s all there is to it.</p>
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<hr />
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<p>If you want to see the code above fully
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assembled, check out <a href="https://github.com/collbox/clojure-ci-docker">collbox/clojure-ci-docker on
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GitHub</a>.</p>
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