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<p>
Last month I not-at-all-subtly hinted that a certain long-awaited feature was
arriving imminently. At this point, I think it's a good idea to set the tone for the rest of
this post.
</p>
<figure id="org81027b6">
<img alt="celebrate-citations.svg" src="https://blog.tecosaur.com/tmio/figures/celebrate-citations.svg" />
</figure>
<p>
Citations
</p>
<p>
After <i>years</i> of (on and off) discussion[fn1], I am elated to be able to present
Org's new native citation syntax. Org has grown a thoroughly designed, modular,
capable citation system. At last you can refer to Org for all your attribution
needs. Special thanks must go to Nicolas Goaziou for leading the charge, John
Kitchin for paving the way with the <kbd>org-ref</kbd> package, Bruce D'Arcus for driving a
lot of careful consideration of design decisions and starting to document some
of the details --- and the many other denizens of the mailing list who have
contributed to the discussion over the years.
</p>
<p>
András Simonyi's also deserves a special mention for his work creating the Elisp
CSL library <code>Citeproc.el</code>, which while not directly included in Org is crucial to
providing robust CSL support, and integrates with <kbd>oc-csl.el</kbd>.
</p>
<div class="outline-3" id="outline-container-outline">
<h3 id="outline"><span class="section-number-3">2.1.</span> Outline</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-1">
<p>
Citations have been carefully designed in such a way that users and Elisp
tinkerers will be able to easily adapt and extend it to fit their needs.
To that end, Org Cite (or OC for short) has been split into two halves:
<kbd>oc.el</kbd> which defines the syntax and provides some machinery to interact with
citations
Citation processors which interface with <kbd>oc.el</kbd> to produce nicely-formatted
citations to be inserted in your bibliography, within the text, and even
rendered in the buffer[fn2]
</p>
<p>
There are four capabilities that Org Cite uses the processors for
Inserting and editing citations
Following citations to their definition
Fontifying the citations in the buffer
Exporting the citations
</p>
<p>
Each capability can have a particular citation processor assigned, independently
of the others. Out of the box, Org uses the <kbd>basic</kbd> processor for all of these tasks.
</p>
<p>
The <kbd>basic</kbd> citation processor is one of four currently bundled with Org:
<kbd>basic</kbd>, which has no dependencies and provides all four capabilities. It export
to all formats, but only provides very simple citations.
<kbd>biblatex</kbd> and <kbd>natbib</kbd>, which provide the export capability to create citations
via <a href="http://biblatex-biber.sourceforge.net/">Biber</a> and (to a lesser extent) <a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/natbib">natbib</a>, but only for LaTeX.
<kbd>csl</kbd>, which provides the export capability using the <a href="https://citationstyles.org/">Citation Style Language</a>,
and exports to HTML, LaTeX, Org, and plain text (with an <a href="https://github.com/andras-simonyi/citeproc-el/issues/23">open issue</a> for ODT)
— but depends on <a href="https://github.com/andras-simonyi/citeproc-el">citeproc.el</a>.
</p>
<p>
This provides a solid foundation for other packages to build off, and despite
Org Cite being yet to be released or documented in the manual we are already
seeing the development of packages like <a href="https://github.com/jkitchin/org-ref-cite">org-ref-cite</a> (by John Kitchin).
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="outline-3" id="outline-container-basic-usage">
<h3 id="basic-usage"><span class="section-number-3">2.2.</span> Basic usage</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-2">
<p>
To get started with Org Cite, we must have some form of bibliography.
This can either be a BibTeX file or a CSL-JSON file.
</p>
<p>
As an example, say we have a file <kbd>orgcite.bib</kbd> containing the following
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-bibtex"> <span class="org-function-name">@article</span>{<span class="org-constant">OrgCitations</span>,
<span class="org-variable-name">author</span>={org, mode and Syntax, Citation and List, Mailing and Effort, Time},
<span class="org-variable-name">journal</span>={Journal of Plain Text Formats},
<span class="org-variable-name">title</span>={Elegant Citations with Org-Mode},
<span class="org-variable-name">year</span>={2021},
<span class="org-variable-name">month</span>={7},
<span class="org-variable-name">volume</span>={42},
<span class="org-variable-name">number</span>={1},
<span class="org-variable-name">pages</span>={2-3}}
</pre>
</div>
<p>
First we need to let Org know about this bibliography file (which must have a
<kbd>.bib</kbd>, <kbd>.bibtex</kbd>, or <kbd>.json</kbd> extension), which we do either via the <kbd>#+bibliography</kbd>
keyword, or the variable <code>org-cite-global-bibliography</code>.
</p>
<pre class="example" id="org26815b3"> #+bibliography: orgcite.bib
</pre>
<p>
Once you have a bibliography source, you can start referencing to your hearts
content! The basic citation syntax is as follows:
</p>
<figure id="org3498ce0">
<img alt="citation-structure-basic.svg" src="https://blog.tecosaur.com/tmio/figures/citation-structure-basic.svg" />
<span class="figure-number">Figure 3: </span>The new citation syntax, for simple citations
</figure>
<p>
Using the default style <kbd>[cite:@OrgCitations]</kbd> produces . For
more information on the styles currently available, see <a href="https://blog.tecosaur.com/tmio/rss.xml#cite-styles">1</a>.
</p>
<p>
Finally, to insert a bibliography somewhere, we just need to insert the
<kbd>#+print_bibliography</kbd> keyword, like so:
</p>
<pre class="example" id="org0fae5fb"> #+print_bibliography:
</pre>
<div class="info" id="org12a8f1d">
<div class="csl-bib-body">
</div>
</div>
<p>
So, to summarise, all one needs to get started is:
</p>
<pre class="example" id="orgd717eb9"> #+bibliography: references.bib
[cite:@key]
#+print_bibliography:
</pre>
<p>
Thats it! 🎉
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="outline-3" id="outline-container-cite-syntax">
<h3 id="cite-syntax"><span class="section-number-3">2.3.</span> The cite syntax</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-3">
<p>
Dont let the simplicity in the examples above fool you, the new syntax is quite
capable of expressing more complex forms. Heres the <i>full</i> version of the new
cite syntax:
</p>
<figure id="org58ad317">
<img alt="citation-structure-full.svg" src="https://blog.tecosaur.com/tmio/figures/citation-structure-full.svg" />
<span class="figure-number">Figure 4: </span>The new citations syntax, in full
</figure>
<p>
The <b>style</b> and <b>variant</b> determine what form the exported citation takes
The <b>common prefix</b> and <b>suffix</b> and put at the start and end of the generated
citation, respectively
The citation <b>key</b> refers to a Bib(La)TeX or CSL-JSON key
The citation <b>prefix</b> and <b>suffix</b> are put before and after the reference to the
key
Some citation processors recognise locators, which refer to a particular
part of the work, for example: <kbd>p. 7</kbd> to refer to page 7.
</p>
<p>
Using the default CSL citation style (Chicago author-name) <kbd>[cite/l/b:see
@OrgCitations pp. 7 for fun]</kbd> becomes .
</p>
<p>
The citation styles and variants, and recognised locators are handled by the
citation processors. Org cites bundled processors currently supports the
following citation styles.
</p>
<table id="cite-styles">
<caption class="t-above"><span class="table-number">Table 1:</span> The current set of supported citation styles with variants, with samples generated by <code>oc-csl.el</code> and <code>citeproc.el</code>.</caption>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
<col class="org-left" />
<col class="org-left" />
<col class="org-left" />
<col class="org-left" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="org-left" scope="col">Style</th>
<th class="org-left" scope="col">Variant</th>
<th class="org-left" scope="col">Sample</th>
<th class="org-left" scope="col">Bib(La)TeX</th>
<th class="org-left" scope="col">NatBib</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>a</kbd> author</td>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>cf</kbd> caps-full</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">Citeauthor</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>a</kbd> author</td>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>f</kbd> full</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">citeauthor</td>
<td class="org-left">citeauthor*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>a</kbd> author</td>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>c</kbd> caps</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">Citeauthor*</td>
<td class="org-left">Citeauthor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>a</kbd> author</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">citeauthor*</td>
<td class="org-left">citeauthor</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>na</kbd> noauthor</td>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>b</kbd> bare</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">citeyear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>na</kbd> noauthor</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">autocite*</td>
<td class="org-left">citeyearpar</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>l</kbd> locators</td>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>bc</kbd> bare-caps</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">Notecite</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>l</kbd> locators</td>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>b</kbd> bare</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">notecite</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>l</kbd> locators</td>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>bc</kbd> caps</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">Pnotecite</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>l</kbd> locators</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">pnotecite</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>n</kbd> nocite</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">nocite</td>
<td class="org-left">nocite</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>t</kbd> text</td>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>b</kbd> bare</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">citealp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>t</kbd> text</td>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>c</kbd> caps</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">Textcite</td>
<td class="org-left">Citep</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>t</kbd> text</td>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>f</kbd> full</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">citep*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>t</kbd> text</td>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>bc</kbd> bare-caps</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">Citealp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>t</kbd> text</td>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>bf</kbd> bare-full</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">citealp*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>t</kbd> text</td>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>cf</kbd> caps-full</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">Citep*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>t</kbd> text</td>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>bcf</kbd> bare-caps-full</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">Citealp*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>t</kbd> text</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">textcite</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">(default)</td>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>b</kbd> bare</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">cite</td>
<td class="org-left">citealp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">(default)</td>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>bc</kbd> bare-caps</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">Cite</td>
<td class="org-left">Citealp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">(default)</td>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>f</kbd> full</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">citep*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">(default)</td>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>bf</kbd> bare-full</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">citealp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">(default)</td>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>cf</kbd> caps-full</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">Citep*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">(default)</td>
<td class="org-left"><kbd>bcf</kbd> bare-caps-full</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">Citealp*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">(default)</td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left"> </td>
<td class="org-left">autocite</td>
<td class="org-left">citep</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
The CSL processor supports the following locators:
<b><kbd>book</kbd></b>, <kbd>bk.</kbd>, <kbd>bks.</kbd>
<b><kbd>chapter</kbd></b>, <kbd>chap.</kbd>, <kbd>chaps.</kbd>
<b><kbd>column</kbd></b>, <kbd>col.</kbd>, <kbd>cols.</kbd>
<b><kbd>figure</kbd></b>, <kbd>fig.</kbd>, <kbd>figs.</kbd>
<b><kbd>folio</kbd></b>, <kbd>fol.</kbd>, <kbd>fols.</kbd>
<b><kbd>number</kbd></b>, <kbd>no.</kbd>, <kbd>Os.</kbd>
<b><kbd>line</kbd></b>, <kbd>l.</kbd>, <kbd>ll.</kbd>
<b><kbd>note</kbd></b>, <kbd>n.</kbd>, <kbd>nn.</kbd>
<b><kbd>opus</kbd></b>, <kbd>op.</kbd>, <kbd>opp.</kbd>
<b><kbd>page</kbd></b>, <kbd>p</kbd>, <kbd>p.</kbd>, <kbd>pp.</kbd>
<b><kbd>paragraph</kbd></b>, <kbd>para.</kbd>, <kbd>paras.</kbd>, <kbd>¶</kbd>, <kbd>¶¶</kbd>, <kbd>§</kbd>, <kbd>§§</kbd>
<b><kbd>part</kbd></b>, <kbd>pt.</kbd>, <kbd>pts.</kbd>
<b><kbd>section</kbd></b>, <kbd>sec.</kbd>, <kbd>secs.</kbd>
<b><kbd>sub verbo</kbd></b>, <kbd>s.v.</kbd>, <kbd>s.vv.</kbd>
<b><kbd>verse</kbd></b>, <kbd>v.</kbd>, <kbd>vv.</kbd>
<b><kbd>volume</kbd></b>, <kbd>vol.</kbd>, <kbd>vols.</kbd>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="outline-3" id="outline-container-more-exporting">
<h3 id="more-exporting"><span class="section-number-3">2.4.</span> More on exporting</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-4">
<p>
The style of the citations and the bibliography depend on three things:
The citation processor used
The citation style
The bibliography style
</p>
<p>
The citation processor is automatically selected based on
<code>org-cite-export-processors</code> based on the export format being used, but can be set
on a per-document basis via the <kbd>#+cite_export</kbd> keyword. Here, I shall use the <kbd>csl</kbd>
processor,
</p>
<pre class="example" id="org9e42cb6"> #+cite_export: csl
</pre>
<p>
With <code>org-cite-export-processors</code>, you can also set the bibliography and citation
style by giving a triplet of parameters <code class="src src-elisp"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-1">(</span>PROCESSOR BIBLIOGRAPHY-STYLE CITATION-STYLE<span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-1">)</span></code> instead of just the processor. You can also use this triplet of
values with the <kbd>#+cite_export</kbd> keyword
</p>
<pre class="example" id="org41fc54f"> #+cite_export: processor bibliography-style citation-style
</pre>
<p>
There are also some more options about how the bibliography is produced. These
options are handled by the active citation processor. For example, while the CSL
processor does not currently support any options, the BibLaTeX processor passes
options to a <code class="src src-LaTeX"><span class="org-font-latex-sedate"><span class="org-keyword"><span class="org-font-latex-warning"><span class="org-keyword"><span class="org-keyword">\</span></span></span></span></span><span class="org-font-latex-sedate"><span class="org-keyword"><span class="org-keyword"><span class="org-keyword">printbibliography</span></span></span></span></code> command, allowing for the
following:
</p>
<pre class="example" id="org88c9ac3"> #+print_bibliography: :section 2 :heading subbibliography
#+print_bibliography: :keyword abc,xyz :title "Primary Sources"
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="outline-3" id="outline-container-using-csl">
<h3 id="using-csl"><span class="section-number-3">2.5.</span> Using <span class="acr">CSL</span></h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-5">
<p>
<a href="https://github.com/andras-simonyi/citeproc-el">Citeproc</a> is currently available on <a href="https://melpa.org/#/citeproc">MELPA</a>, and so can be installed via your
package manager of choice so long as MELPA is included in your
<code>package-archives</code>. When available, it will be automatically loaded by
<kbd>oc-csl.el</kbd>.
</p>
<p>
It currently supports exporting to:
HTML
LaTeX
Org
Plain text
</p>
<p>
Should you be interested in other formats, know that Citeproc is designed to
easily support adding new formats (see <kbd>citeproc-formatters.el</kbd> for examples).
</p>
<p>
Citeproc can currently retrieve bibliographic information from the following
formats:
CSL-JSON
Bib(La)TeX
org-bibtex
</p>
<p>
Though support for Bib(La)TeX and <a href="https://gewhere.github.io/org-bibtex">org-bibtex</a> is rudimentary compared to CSL-JSON.
</p>
<p>
When exporting, you can set the style by providing a path to CSL style files,
either absolute or relative to <code>org-cite-csl-styles-dir</code>. For example, if I
download <kbd>apa.csl</kbd> I can use it like so:
</p>
<pre class="example" id="org58c8ecb"> #+cite_export: csl ~/Downloads/apa.csl
</pre>
<p>
When no style is given <code>org-cite-csl--fallback-style-file</code> will be used, which
defaults to a bundled Chicago author-date style.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="outline-3" id="outline-container-working-with-zotero">
<h3 id="working-with-zotero"><span class="section-number-3">2.6.</span> Working with Zotero</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-6">
<p>
There are quite a few reference managers available, however, the list rapidly
shrinks if you restrict yourself to applications which are:
somewhat feature-rich
open source software
not owned by a parasitic company[fn3]
</p>
<p>
<a href="https://www.zotero.org/">Zotero</a> is a good option, and if youre using it its quite easy to use it with
Org Cite. Out of the box, you can tell it to export your library, or parts of it,
to a <kbd>.bib</kbd> file and automatically keep it in sync. Id recommend installing the
<a href="https://retorque.re/zotero-better-bibtex/">Better BibTeX</a> extension though.
</p>
<figure id="org9aab37b">
<img alt="zotero-export-library.png" src="https://blog.tecosaur.com/tmio/figures/zotero-export-library.png" />
<span class="figure-number">Figure 5: </span>Zotero library right click context menu, showing the export option
</figure>
<figure id="orgcac27d0">
<img alt="zotero-export-options-prompt.png" src="https://blog.tecosaur.com/tmio/figures/zotero-export-options-prompt.png" />
<span class="figure-number">Figure 6: </span>Zotero collection export dialog
</figure>
<p>
Zotero also works well with CSL. In addition to supporting CSL-JSON exports,
Zotero also features an easy way to install CSL styles within the preferences.
</p>
<figure id="org71f2f73">
<img alt="zotero-cite-styles-menu.png" src="https://blog.tecosaur.com/tmio/figures/zotero-cite-styles-menu.png" />
<span class="figure-number">Figure 7: </span>Zotero CSL style management within preferences
</figure>
<p>
Since these files are put under <kbd>~/Zotero/styles</kbd>, you can use them with Org Cite
and Citeproc simply by setting <code>org-cite-csl-styles-dir</code> to the Zotero styles
directory.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-emacs-lisp"> <span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-1">(</span><span class="org-keyword">setq</span> <span class="org-variable-name">org-cite-csl-styles-dir</span> <span class="org-string">"~/Zotero/styles"</span><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-1">)</span>
</pre>
</div>
<p>
To then use the citation style defined by <kbd>~/Zotero/styles/apa.csl</kbd> one can then
simply refer to <kbd>apa.csl</kbd> when using the <kbd>#+cite_export</kbd> keyword.
</p>
<pre class="example" id="org8ff5674"> #+cite_export: csl apa.csl
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="outline-3" id="outline-container-bright-future">
<h3 id="bright-future"><span class="section-number-3">2.7.</span> A bright future</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-7">
<p>
Org Cite has only just been merged in the past month, and is yet to be included
in an Org release, but were seeing a tremendous degree of community interest.
There are <i>already</i> promising developments with third-party packages, such as
<a href="https://github.com/bdarcus/bibtex-actions">bibtex-actions</a> and <a href="https://github.com/jkitchin/org-ref-cite">org-ref-cite</a>. I cant wait to see how the ecosystem continues
to develop 😃.
</p>
<p>
Footnotes
</p>
<p>
[fn1] Citations were first being mentioned on the mailing list back in 2007, in
<a href="https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/emacs-orgmode/2007-05/msg00146.html">a thread about footnotes</a>.
</p>
<p>
[fn2]There is currently an <a href="https://github.com/andras-simonyi/org-cite-csl-activate">ongoing effort</a> to use <kbd>oc.el</kbd> and <kbd>citeproc.el</kbd> to
produce citation overlays in the buffer.
</p>
<p>
[fn3] Im talking about a certain company <a href="https://moneyweek.com/505757/great-frauds-in-history-robert-maxwell">created by a British Fraudster</a> that
has a <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/jun/27/profitable-business-scientific-publishing-bad-for-science">40% profit margin, engages in blackmail-like practices with universities</a>,
prompted <a href="http://thecostofknowledge.com/">19,000 researchers</a> to boycott them, <a href="https://www.the-scientist.com/the-nutshell/elsevier-published-6-fake-journals-44160">published six fake journals</a>,
vigorously <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200129202353/http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2007/08/publishers-launch-anti-oa-lobbying.html">lobbys against Open Access</a>, <a href="https://rossmounce.co.uk/2017/02/14/elsevier-selling-access-to-open-access-again/">charged for Open Acess articles</a>
(repeatedly), made <a href="https://www.michaeleisen.org/blog/?p=807">financial contributions to politicians who then tried to
prevent publicly accesible reaserch</a>, and whose reference manager <a href="https://www.zotero.org/support/kb/mendeley_import#mendeley_database_encryption">encrypted
reaserchers <i>own</i> databases</a> “to comply with GDPR”.
</p>
</div>
</div>