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This is bongo.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.8 from bongo.texi.
Copyright (C) 2007 Daniel Brockman
Copyright (C) 2007 Daniel Jensen
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and
no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled "GNU FDL".
INFO-DIR-SECTION Emacs
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Bongo: (bongo). Play music with Emacs.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY

File: bongo.info, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Up: (dir)
The Bongo Media Player
**********************
Bongo is a flexible and usable media player for GNU Emacs. This manual
describes how to use Bongo and some of how to customize and extend it.
Copyright (C) 2007 Daniel Brockman
Copyright (C) 2007 Daniel Jensen
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and
no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled "GNU FDL".
* Menu:
* Introduction:: An overview of basic Bongo concepts.
Using Bongo
* Inserting Tracks:: Populating your buffers with media.
* Playing Tracks:: Listening to audio and watching video.
* Enqueuing Tracks:: Picking tracks from libraries into playlists.
* Marking Tracks:: Choosing sets of tracks to operate on.
* Saving and Loading:: Storing Bongo buffers in files.
Advanced Topics
* The P/R/M Convention:: Convention used by many Bongo commands.
* Action Tracks:: Special tracks that perform actions.
Hacking Bongo
* Internals:: How Bongo works and how to hack it.
* Writing Backends:: Telling Bongo how to use other players.
Copying Bongo
* GNU GPL:: Conditions for copying and changing Bongo.
* GNU FDL:: The license for this documentation.
Here are some other nodes which are really inferiors of the ones
already listed, mentioned here so you can get to them in one step:
Basics
* Tracks:: Media files, URIs, audio CDs, DVDs, etc.
* Backends:: External applications used to play tracks.
* Players:: External processes actually playing tracks.
* Playlists:: Buffers holding tracks to be played.
* Libraries:: Buffers holding entire media collections.
Playback
* Pausing:: Temporarily stopping playback.
* Stopping:: Permanently stopping playback.
* Seeking:: Rewinding or fast-forwarding tracks.
* Volume:: Changing the volume of your sound card.
* Switching Tracks:: Playing the next or previous track.
* Playback Modes:: Choosing the order in which tracks are played.
* Sprinkle Mode:: Keeping playlists populated with random tracks.

File: bongo.info, Node: Introduction, Next: Inserting Tracks, Prev: Top, Up: Top
1 Introduction
**************
You are reading about Bongo, a flexible and usable media player for GNU
Emacs. Bongo is flexible because it does not assume that you want to do
things in a certain way.
On the other hand, its default settings and key bindings are good and
carefully thought-out. So Bongo is usable because it does not force you
to come up with your own way of doing things.
To open a Bongo buffer, use 'M-x bongo <RET>'. To switch between
playlist and library, use the 'h' ('bongo-switch-buffers') command.
There are a few different ways to go from here.
* One way to use Bongo is to go to a playlist, insert some tracks,
and just play those tracks in some order (*note Playing Tracks::).
* Another way is to insert a lot of tracks into a library, and pick
out some of them into a playlist (*note Enqueuing Tracks::).
* Yet another way is to let Bongo continuously pick out fresh random
tracks from the library into the playlist (*note Sprinkle Mode::).
Five ideas central to Bongo are "tracks", which represent media
resources; "backends", which are applications used to play media;
"players", which are instances of backends; and "playlists" and
"libraries", which are buffers used to organize tracks.
The following sections explain these basic ideas in turn.
* Menu:
* Tracks:: Media files, URIs, audio CDs, DVDs, etc.
* Backends:: External applications used to play tracks.
* Players:: External processes actually playing tracks.
* Playlists:: Buffers holding tracks to be played.
* Libraries:: Buffers holding entire media collections.

File: bongo.info, Node: Tracks, Next: Backends, Up: Introduction
1.1 Tracks
==========
Bongo is a media player; its job is to play things. The things that it
plays are called "tracks". Bongo tracks can represent local audio and
video files, remote media streams (such as internet radio stations),
audio CD tracks and DVD chapters.
There are even tracks that perform arbitrary actions when played
(*note Action Tracks::). Such tracks may be used, for example, to force
playback to stop at certain points in a playlist.
To insert a local file track into a playlist or library, use 'i'.
Other kinds can be inserted using 'I' (*note Inserting Tracks::).

File: bongo.info, Node: Backends, Next: Players, Prev: Tracks, Up: Introduction
1.2 Backends
============
Instead of actually attempting to decode media files to produce sound
and display video, Bongo relies on external applications to do this.
The applications it uses for this purpose are called "backends".
The term "backend" is used loosely to refer to either an external
application, or to the glue code in Bongo specific to that application,
or even to both the application and the glue code seen as a whole.
(This usage is quite natural and normally does not cause any confusion.)
Bongo currently ships with backends for VLC, 'mpg123', 'ogg123',
'speexdec', TiMidity and MikMod. Unfortunately, only VLC and 'mpg123'
support fast-forwarding and rewinding (*note Seeking::).

File: bongo.info, Node: Players, Next: Playlists, Prev: Backends, Up: Introduction
1.3 Players
===========
Instances of backends (*note Backends::) are called "players" (or
"backend players"). Every time a track starts playing, a new backend
player is created. Multiple players may exist simultaneously.
For example, while there is only one VLC _backend_, there may be
multiple VLC _players_ at any given time -- each probably playing a
different track.
Every player has an associated process (which does the actual work of
playing) and an associated buffer (from which it may be controlled).
Bongo buffers designed to hold players are called "playlist buffers".

File: bongo.info, Node: Playlists, Next: Libraries, Prev: Players, Up: Introduction
1.4 Playlists
=============
Playlist buffers, or simply "playlists", are buffers specifically
designed to hold and control backend players (*note Players::).
Playlists have a number of commands used to control playback: play
the track at point (<RET>), pause/resume playback (<SPC>), go to the
next track ('C-c C-n'), go to the previous track ('C-c C-p'), stop
playback ('C-c C-s'), and so on (*note Playing Tracks::).
Some backends support fast-forwarding and rewinding (*note
Seeking::).

File: bongo.info, Node: Libraries, Prev: Playlists, Up: Introduction
1.5 Libraries
=============
Library buffers, or simply "libraries", are buffers specifically
designed to hold tracks for convenient insertion into playlist buffers.
After inserting tracks into a library (using 'i' and 'I'), you may
enqueue into the nearest playlist using the 'e' command (which appends
to the end of the playlist) and the 'E' command (which inserts into the
playlist directly after the currently playing track).
All the commands for controlling playback (*note Playlists::) are
also available in library buffers, where they simply control playback in
the most recently used, or "nearest", playlist buffer. Similarily, if
you attempt to play a track in a library (using <RET>), the track will
be enqueued into the nearest playlist and played there instead.
You may prefer to use Bongo without library buffers, simply inserting
tracks directly into playlists. There is no problem with that:
libraries are provided only as a convenience.

File: bongo.info, Node: Inserting Tracks, Next: Playing Tracks, Prev: Introduction, Up: Top
2 Inserting Tracks
******************
'i'
Insert a file or directory ('bongo-insert-file').
'I'
Insert one or more non-file tracks ('bongo-insert-special').
If you try to insert a directory with subdirectories, Bongo will ask
whether you want to recursively insert them too. To get rid of this
question, customize the variable 'bongo-insert-whole-directory-trees'.
The 'I' command prompts for the type of thing to insert -- an action
track, a CD, a URI, or the contents of a PLS or an M3U playlist. These
special insert commands are described individually below.
'I action <RET>'
Insert an action track ('bongo-insert-action').
This command prompts for an Emacs Lisp form to be evaluated when
the action track is played. *note Emacs Lisp Reference:
(elisp)Top.
'I cd <RET>'
Insert one track for each audio track on the CD in the tray
('bongo-insert-cd'). If the track information is unavailable,
insert a single track representing the entire disc.
The customization group 'bongo-audio-cd' covers this feature.
*note (emacs)Easy Customization::
'I uri <RET>'
Insert a URI track ('bongo-insert-uri').
This commands prompts for the URI (or URL) and for an optional
title. If specified, the title will be displayed instead of the
URI. For most internet radio streams, leaving out the title enables
the radio station to specify a title on its own.
'I playlist <RET>'
Insert the contents of a PLS or an M3U playlist file
('bongo-insert-playlist-contents').
The type of the playlist is determined by its file extension:
* 'pls' for PLS playlists;
* 'm3u' or 'm3u8' (forces UTF-8) for M3U playlists.
While PLS files are rather complex, M3U files are simple lists of
file names (one per line, except that lines starting with '#' are
comments).

File: bongo.info, Node: Playing Tracks, Next: Enqueuing Tracks, Prev: Inserting Tracks, Up: Top
3 Playing Tracks
****************
To play some particular track, move point to it and hit <RET> (or click
on it). Doing that on a section header will just collapse the section;
to play a section, use 'g' ('bongo-play').
<RET>
Play the track at point. If point is on a section header, collapse
or expand the section.
'g'
Play the track or section at point, unless there is an active
region or marking (*note Marking Tracks::).
In choosing which tracks and sections to play, this command follows
the prefix/region/marking (*note The P/R/M Convention::), so it may
not actually always play the track or section at point.
'1 g'
Play the track or section at point, even if there is an active
region or marking.
Since libraries are not meant to play tracks, the <RET> and 'g'
commands enqueue into the nearest playlist and play there instead when
used in a library buffer.
* Menu:
* Pausing:: Temporarily stopping playback.
* Stopping:: Permanently stopping playback.
* Seeking:: Rewinding or fast-forwarding tracks.
* Volume:: Changing the volume of your sound card.
* Switching Tracks:: Playing the next or previous track.
* Playback Modes:: Choosing the order in which tracks are played.
* Sprinkle Mode:: Keeping playlists populated with random tracks.

File: bongo.info, Node: Pausing, Next: Stopping, Up: Playing Tracks
3.1 Pausing Playback
====================
It is often useful to temporarily pause playback without killing the
backend process. The <SPC> command toggles the paused state of the
currently playing track.
<SPC>
Pause or resume playback ('bongo-pause/resume').
Some backends (e.g., VLC and 'mpg123') support pausing by talking to
the backend process through a pipe. For backends where this is not
possible (due to lack of any such remote control facility), pausing is
implemented using 'SIGTSTP' (or 'SIGSTOP') and 'SIGCONT', which forces
the entire process to stop (just as 'C-z' would in a job control shell).

File: bongo.info, Node: Stopping, Next: Seeking, Prev: Pausing, Up: Playing Tracks
3.2 Stopping Playback
=====================
The 'C-c C-s' command stops playback and kills the backend process.
However, if nothing is being played, then 'C-c C-s' instead _starts_
playing the first track.
'C-c C-s'
Start or stop playback ('bongo-start/stop').
'C-u C-c C-s'
Switch to start/stop playback mode, in which playback stops
whenever any track finishes playing (*note Playback Modes::).
'1 C-c C-s'
Insert a stopping action track (*note Action Tracks::) immediately
after the current track. ("Stop after playing this track.")
'5 C-c C-s'
Insert a stopping action track five tracks below the current track.
("Stop after playing these five tracks.")
'C-u C-u C-c C-s'
Insert a stopping action track at point.

File: bongo.info, Node: Seeking, Next: Volume, Prev: Stopping, Up: Playing Tracks
3.3 Fast-forwarding and Rewinding
=================================
Some backends support fast-forwarding and rewinding -- often referred to
as "seeking" forward or backward. This allows you to skip over some
part of a track or go back and play some part of it again.
'f', 'b'
Fast-forward or rewind the current track 1 second (or N seconds,
given a prefix argument N).
'F', 'B', 'S-<right>', 'S-<left>'
Fast-forward or rewind 3 seconds (or 3 N seconds).
'M-F', 'M-B', 'M-S-<right>', 'M-S-<left>'
Fast-forward or rewind 10 seconds (or 10 N seconds).
'C-M-F', 'C-M-B', 'C-M-S-<right>', 'C-M-S-<left>'
Fast-forward or rewind 60 seconds (or N minutes).
While 'C-M-B' and 'C-M-F' cannot be typed in all terminals, you may
use the following commands as substitutes:
'60 b', '60 f'
Seek 60 seconds.
'C-u C-u C-u b', 'C-u C-u C-u f'
Seek 64 seconds.
To seek a specific number of seconds, give a numeric prefix argument
to 'f' or 'b'. (For example, '27 f' would seek 27 seconds forward.)
To seek to a specific position, use the 's' ('bongo-seek') command
with a numeric prefix argument. (For example, '80 s' would jump
directly to 1 minute and 20 seconds from the beginning of the track.)
Giving just 'C-u' as the prefix argument to 's' will prompt for the
position to seek to and allows you to say things like "1:20".
Unfortunately, not all backends support seeking. Among the ones in
the Bongo distribution, VLC and 'mpg123' do support it, whereas
'ogg123', 'speexdec', TiMidity and MikMod do not.
3.3.1 Seek Mode
---------------
Typing 's' ('bongo-seek') without any prefix argument takes you into a
special mode dedicated to seeking. In this mode, all the seeking
commands work as usual, but you can drop most of the 'S-' modifiers.
For example, 'S-<left>' still works, but <left> does the same thing.
's'
Enter seek mode. Use <RET> or 'C-g' to exit.
In seek mode, playback status is shown continuously in the echo area,
and the following extra key bindings are available:
'a', 'e', <home>, <end>
These are shortcuts for 'C-c C-a' ('bongo-replay-current') and 'C-c
C-e' ('bongo-skip-current').
'p', 'n', 'r'
These are shortcuts for 'C-c C-p' ('bongo-play-previous'), 'C-c
C-n' ('bongo-play-next'), and 'C-c C-r' ('bongo-play-random').
Seek mode uses its own command loop, so you cannot do anything other
than seeking (and a handful of other things) until you quit seek mode.
If you don't like this, set 'bongo-seek-electric-mode' to 'nil'.

File: bongo.info, Node: Volume, Next: Switching Tracks, Prev: Seeking, Up: Playing Tracks
3.4 Volume
==========
The volume control facility is provided by the 'volume' library (1).
The 'v' ('volume') command
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) http://www.brockman.se/software/volume-el/

File: bongo.info, Node: Switching Tracks, Next: Playback Modes, Prev: Volume, Up: Playing Tracks
3.5 Switching Tracks
====================
The 'C-c C-n', 'C-c C-p' and 'C-c C-r' commands are used to start
playing another track (stopping any currently playing track first).
'C-c C-n'
Play the next track ('bongo-play-next').
'C-c C-p'
Play the previous track ('bongo-play-previous').
'C-c C-r'
Play a random track ('bongo-play-random').
'5 C-c C-n'
Skip four tracks downwards and play the one after that.
'5 C-c C-p'
Skip four tracks upwards and play the one before that.
Though '0 C-c C-n' may be used to play the current track again, it is
easier to use the 'C-c C-a' command.
'C-c C-a'
Play the current track again ('bongo-replay-current').
Just as the regular 'C-a' command in Emacs has a counterpart 'C-e',
so 'C-c C-a' has a counterpart 'C-c C-e'.
'C-c C-e'
Skip the current track ('bongo-skip-current'). Proceed according
to the current playback mode (*note Playback Modes::).

File: bongo.info, Node: Playback Modes, Next: Sprinkle Mode, Prev: Switching Tracks, Up: Playing Tracks
3.6 Playback Modes
==================
Whenever a track finishes playing (or is skipped using 'C-c C-e'),
normally, the next track in the playlist will be played. This is the
default behavior, but it can be changed. The way Bongo chooses which
track to play next is called the "playback mode".
There are five built-in playback modes. Switching to one of them is
easily done by giving a 'C-u' prefix argument to the corresponding
playback command:
'C-u C-c C-n'
In "progressive playback", the default playback mode, tracks are
played in the usual top-to-bottom order.
'C-u C-c C-p'
In "regressive playback", tracks are played in reverse order,
bottom-to-top.
'C-u C-c C-a'
In "repeating playback", the same track is played over and over.
'C-u C-c C-s'
In "start/stop playback", playback is stopped after each track.
For example, this is often nice when your playlist contains videos
that would otherwise keep popping up, covering your Emacs frame.
'C-u C-c C-r'
In "random playback", tracks are played in random order. For an
alternative to random playback mode, *note Sprinkle Mode::.
When a non-progressive playback mode is in effect, this is indicated
in the mode line:
* 'Playlist[reverse]' for regressive playback;
* 'Playlist[repeat]' for repeating playback;
* 'Playlist[stop]' for start/stop playback;
* 'Playlist[random]' for random playback;
* 'Playlist[custom]' for custom playback modes (to change this for
some specific custom playback mode, put the string to be used as
the indicator on the 'bongo-playback-mode-indicator' property of
the symbol naming the function used for 'bongo-next-action').

File: bongo.info, Node: Sprinkle Mode, Prev: Playback Modes, Up: Playing Tracks
3.7 Sprinkle Mode
=================

File: bongo.info, Node: Enqueuing Tracks, Next: Marking Tracks, Prev: Playing Tracks, Up: Top
4 Enqueuing Tracks
******************
The following commands are used to enqueue tracks into the playlist:
'e'
Append a track to the end of the playlist.
'E'
Insert a track into the playlist directly after the currently
playing track (in order to have it played next).

File: bongo.info, Node: Marking Tracks, Next: Saving and Loading, Prev: Enqueuing Tracks, Up: Top
5 Marking Tracks
****************

File: bongo.info, Node: Saving and Loading, Next: The P/R/M Convention, Prev: Marking Tracks, Up: Top
6 Saving and Loading
********************

File: bongo.info, Node: The P/R/M Convention, Next: Action Tracks, Prev: Saving and Loading, Up: Top
7 The Prefix/Region/Marking Convention
**************************************
Many Bongo commands follow a certain convention, called the P/R/M
convention, which makes it possible to predict which objects a command
will operate on.
Normally, a command operates on the track or section under point.
However, if any tracks are marked (*note Marking Tracks::), the command
operates on those instead--unless there is an active region, in which
case the command operates on the tracks and sections in the region. All
of this may be overridden by giving a numeric prefix argument, which
tells the command how many tracks or sections to operate on, counting
from point. Most commands allow negative prefix arguments for operating
on tracks before point.
Note that giving a prefix argument of '1' tells a command to operate
on the track or section under point regardless of any marking or region
that may be in effect.
'&'
Force the next command to use the P/R/M convention
('bongo-universal-prefix/region/marking-object-command').
'M-&'
Force the next command to use the P/R/M convention, but to operate
only on tracks--never on sections
('bongo-universal-prefix/region/marking-track-command').

File: bongo.info, Node: Action Tracks, Next: Internals, Prev: The P/R/M Convention, Up: Top
8 Action Tracks
***************

File: bongo.info, Node: Internals, Next: Writing Backends, Prev: Action Tracks, Up: Top
9 Internals
***********

File: bongo.info, Node: Writing Backends, Next: GNU GPL, Prev: Internals, Up: Top
10 Writing Backends
*******************
The predefined backends support commonly used media files and players.
To use other programs with Bongo, you can define your own custom
backends. This involves some Emacs Lisp, but simple non-interactive
backends are easy to define. *Note Emacs Lisp Reference: (elisp)Top,
for help with writing Lisp.
As an example, here is a minimal backend for displaying PostScript
and PDF files with Evince, a GNOME document viewer. We don't need
interactive controls for Evince; we only want to launch it.
(eval-after-load 'bongo
'(define-bongo-backend evince
:matcher '(local-file "ps" "pdf")))
'define-bongo-backend' is used to define backends. The definition is
wrapped inside an 'eval-after-load' form so that it will execute after
Bongo has loaded. You don't need this if you load Bongo at startup, but
it will work in both cases.
The first argument names the backend. As a side effect, it also
defines the executable file 'evince' to be used with the backend. In
most cases, this default behavior is fine. If you want to customize the
invocation of Evince, use 'M-x customize-group <RET> bongo-evince
<RET>'. The 'define-bongo-backend' macro automatically defines
customizable options for this.
The second argument, the keyword ':matcher', and the third argument
define a matcher for the backend. Files with suffixes 'ps' and 'pdf'
can now be inserted in Bongo buffers, and Bongo will select the new
backend to display them. The Evince backend is now ready for use.
For information on how to write more advanced backend definitions,
refer to the description of 'define-bongo-backend' below. Examples can
be found in 'bongo.el'.
-- Macro: define-bongo-backend name [keyword value]...
Defines a new backend named NAME. More specifically, defines
variables used by the backend, a constructor function that will be
invoked to play tracks with the backend and optionally matchers and
translators for the backend. The default definitions can be
overridden with keyword arguments. The NAME argument is not
evaluated.
'define-bongo-backend' accepts the following optional keywords:
':pretty-name STRING'
The name used to described the backend to the user. The
default is to use NAME.
':matcher MATCHER'
A backend matcher expression. This keyword can be supplied
multiple times, specifying multiple matchers. There is no
default matcher.
':file-name-transformer EXPRESSION'
A file name transformer for the backend, to be used by
'bongo-transform-file-name' to manipulate file names. This
keyword can be supplied multiple times, specifying multiple
transformers. There is no default file name transformer.
':program-name STRING'
The file name of the executable program for the backend. The
default is the symbol-name of NAME.
':program-name-variable VARIABLE'
The variable specifying the backend executable. The default
defines a variable 'bongo-NAME-program-name', bound to the
value of PROGRAM-NAME.
':program-arguments LIST'
A list of program arguments, to be processed by
'bongo-evaluate-program-arguments'. The default is
'(EXTRA-PROGRAM-ARGUMENTS-VARIABLE bongo-extra-arguments
bongo-file-name)'.
':extra-program-arguments-variable VARIABLE-NAME'
The name of the variable specifying extra command line
arguments to pass to the program. This variable will be
defined with 'defcustom', if its name is mentioned in
PROGRAM-ARGUMENTS. The default defines a variable
'bongo-NAME-extra-arguments'.
':extra-program-arguments LIST'
The initial value for the EXTRA-PROGRAM-ARGUMENTS-VARIABLE
variable. The default is 'nil'.
':constructor FUNCTION'
The function that will create and invoke the backend player.
It must be a function of two arguments, a file name and a list
of extra arguments. It shall return a player, represented by
a cons '(name . properties)' where 'properties' is an alist.
The default defines a function 'bongo-start-NAME-player' which
calls 'bongo-start-simple-player'.
':pause-signal SIGCODE'
The signal used with 'signal-process' to pause the player
process. The default is 'SIGSTOP'.

File: bongo.info, Node: GNU GPL, Next: GNU FDL, Prev: Writing Backends, Up: Top
Appendix A GNU General Public License
*************************************
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
========
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to
share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is
intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to
make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public
License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and
to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free
Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Lesser General Public
License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if
you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software,
and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
authors' reputations.
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a
notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program,"
below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the
Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under
copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a
portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or
translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is
included without limitation in the term "modification.") Each
licensee is addressed as "you."
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are
not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act
of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the
Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on
the Program (independent of having been made by running the
Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source
code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any
warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of
this License along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,
and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange
for a fee.
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of
it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a. You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
b. You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that
in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or
any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to
all third parties under the terms of this License.
c. If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display
an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and
a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you
provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the
program under these conditions, and telling the user how to
view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program
itself is interactive but does not normally print such an
announcement, your work based on the Program is not required
to print an announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the
Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate
works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply
to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But
when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a
work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on
the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees
extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part
regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or
contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the
intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of
derivative or collective works based on the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the
Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a
volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other
work under the scope of this License.
3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms
of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the
following:
a. Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
source code, which must be distributed under the terms of
Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for
software interchange; or,
b. Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a
medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
c. Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
received the program in object code or executable form with
such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete
source code means all the source code for all modules it contains,
plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts
used to control compilation and installation of the executable.
However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need
not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source
or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so
on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless
that component itself accompanies the executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this
License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights,
from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated
so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify
or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions
are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.
Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work
based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License
to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying,
distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.
6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject
to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted
herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third
parties to this License.
7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent
issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order,
agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this
License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this
License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously
your obligations under this License and any other pertinent
obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the
Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit
royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive
copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you
could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely
from distribution of the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable
under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is
intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply
in other circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of
any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting
the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is
willing to distribute software through any other system and a
licensee cannot impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed
to be a consequence of the rest of this License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces,
the original copyright holder who places the Program under this
License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation
excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only
in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this
License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of
this License.
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new
versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to
it and "any later version," you have the option of following the
terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version
published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not
specify a version number of this License, you may choose any
version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the
author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by
the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software
Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision
will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of
all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing
and reuse of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO
WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND
PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE
DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR
OR CORRECTION.
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN
WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY
MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL,
INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR
INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU
OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY
OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
=============================================
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
"copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
ONE LINE TO GIVE THE PROGRAM'S NAME AND AN IDEA OF WHAT IT DOES.
Copyright (C) YYYY NAME OF AUTHOR
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper
mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like
this when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) YYYY NAME OF AUTHOR
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome
to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c'
for details.
The hypothetical commands 'show w' and 'show c' should show the
appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
commands you use may be called something other than 'show w' and 'show
c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your
program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or
your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program,
if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright
interest in the program `Gnomovision'
(which makes passes at compilers) written
by James Hacker.
SIGNATURE OF TY COON, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your
program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine
library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the
GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License.

File: bongo.info, Node: GNU FDL, Prev: GNU GPL, Up: Top
Appendix B GNU Free Documentation License
*****************************************
Version 1.2, November 2002
Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
0. PREAMBLE
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
with or without modifying it, either commercially or
noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the
author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
being considered responsible for modifications made by others.
This License is a kind of "copyleft," which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.
It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
license designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
free software, because free software needs free documentation: a
free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms
that the software does. But this License is not limited to
software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless
of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We
recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is
instruction or reference.
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium,
that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can
be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice
grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration,
to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The
"Document," below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member
of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you." You accept
the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way
requiring permission under copyright law.
A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.
A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section
of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could
fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document
is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not
explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of
historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or
of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
regarding them.
The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose
titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the
notice that says that the Document is released under this License.
If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it
is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may
contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify
any Invariant Sections then there are none.
The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are
listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice
that says that the Document is released under this License. A
Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may
be at most 25 words.
A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
represented in a format whose specification is available to the
general public, that is suitable for revising the document
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed
of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely
available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats
suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise
Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has
been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by
readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if
used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not
"Transparent" is called "Opaque."
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format,
SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming
simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.
Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.
Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and
edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which
the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and
the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
processors for output purposes only.
The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
material this License requires to appear in the title page. For
works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title
Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the
work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document
whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses
following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ
stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
"Acknowledgements," "Dedications," "Endorsements," or "History.")
To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the
Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according
to this definition.
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
which states that this License applies to the Document. These
Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in
this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and
has no effect on the meaning of this License.
2. VERBATIM COPYING
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License
applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you
add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You
may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading
or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However,
you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you
distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the
conditions in section 3.
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above,
and you may publicly display copies.
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly
have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and
the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must
enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all
these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly
and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The
front cover must present the full title with all words of the title
equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the
covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as
long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these
conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
adjacent pages.
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable
Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with
each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general
network-using public has access to download using public-standard
network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free
of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take
reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque
copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will
remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or
through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of
the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies,
to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
Document.
4. MODIFICATIONS
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document
under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you
release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the
Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever
possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in
the Modified Version:
A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title
distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the
History section of the Document). You may use the same title
as a previous version if the original publisher of that
version gives permission.
B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in
the Modified Version, together with at least five of the
principal authors of the Document (all of its principal
authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you
from this requirement.
C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
Modified Version, as the publisher.
D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license
notice giving the public permission to use the Modified
Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in
the Addendum below.
G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's
license notice.
H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
I. Preserve the section Entitled "History," Preserve its Title,
and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the
Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the
Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and
publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add
an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the
previous sentence.
J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document
for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
likewise the network locations given in the Document for
previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the
"History" section. You may omit a network location for a work
that was published at least four years before the Document
itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers
to gives permission.
K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications,"
Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section
all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered
in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the
equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements." Such a section
may not be included in the Modified Version.
N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
"Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant
Section.
O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no
material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate
some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their
titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's
license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other
section titles.
You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements," provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text
has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
definition of a standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text,
and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of
the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage
of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document
already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added
by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on
behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old
one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added
the old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this
License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
You may combine the Document with other documents released under
this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all
of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all
their Warranty Disclaimers.
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name
but different contents, make the title of each such section unique
by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the
original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a
unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in
the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
"History" in the various original documents, forming one section
Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled
"Acknowledgements," and any sections Entitled "Dedications." You
must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements."
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
documents released under this License, and replace the individual
copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the
rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents
in all other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert
a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
document.
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a
storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the
copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the
legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual
works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this
License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which
are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half
of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed
on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic
form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket
the whole aggregate.
8. TRANSLATION
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also
include the original English version of this License and the
original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a
disagreement between the translation and the original version of
this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will
prevail.
If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements,"
"Dedications," or "History," the requirement (section 4) to
Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the
actual title.
9. TERMINATION
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other
attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this
License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights,
from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated
so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of
the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered
version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you
have the option of following the terms and conditions either of
that specified version or of any later version that has been
published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the
Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may
choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free
Software Foundation.
ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
====================================================
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
notices just after the title page:
Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
Free Documentation License.''
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being
LIST.
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit
their use in free software.

Tag Table:
Node: Top621
Node: Introduction3068
Node: Tracks4814
Node: Backends5483
Node: Players6281
Node: Playlists6963
Node: Libraries7554
Node: Inserting Tracks8597
Node: Playing Tracks10583
Node: Pausing12056
Node: Stopping12753
Node: Seeking13604
Node: Volume16259
Ref: Volume-Footnote-116516
Node: Switching Tracks16567
Node: Playback Modes17611
Node: Sprinkle Mode19431
Node: Enqueuing Tracks19554
Node: Marking Tracks19942
Node: Saving and Loading20082
Node: The P/R/M Convention20234
Node: Action Tracks21569
Node: Internals21701
Node: Writing Backends21821
Node: GNU GPL26442
Node: GNU FDL45640

End Tag Table

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